Which of the following statements accurately describes factors that may affect an individual's growth and development? Select all that apply
A) Physical characteristics such as height, bone size, eye color, and hair color are inherited from the family of origin.
B) Fetal development can be altered by maternal age, inadequate maternal nutrition or substance abuse.
C) Abuse of alcohol and drugs is more prevalent in teenagers who have poor family relationships, low self-esteem, and poor social skills.
D) Infants who are malnourished in utero develop fewer brain cells than infants who have had adequate prenatal nutrition.
E) Environmental factors such as poverty and violence do not have a direct effect on growth and development.
Ans: A, B, C, D
Physical characteristics, such as height, bone size, eye color and hair color, are inherited from our family of origin. Fetal development can be altered by maternal age (with risk greater in those under age 15 and over age 35), substance abuse, inadequate prenatal care, inadequate maternal nutrition, and maternal substance abuse. Abuse of alcohol and drugs is more prevalent in teenagers who have poor family relationships, low self-esteem, and poor social skills. Infants who are malnourished in utero develop fewer brain cells than infants who have had adequate prenatal nutrition. Environmental factors that might alter development include poverty and violence. The effect of each can occur independently, but they are more likely to be interrelated. Prenatal, individual, and caregiver factors influence development in many ways.
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