Common defenses against civil lawsuits include:
a. They didn't intend to deprive a plaintiff of a constitutional right.
b. They acted in good faith.
c. They acted with what was considered reasonable judgment at the time and with valid authority.
d. all of the above
d
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Areas with low levels of private, parochial, and public social control are found to be characterized by
A. higher crime rates. B. lower crime rates. C. variable crime rates. D. None of the above.
Human trafficking is a transnational crime because:
a. It only occurs in the United States. b. Smugglers have organized international networks. c. Only illegal aliens are subject to it. d. Smugglers focus on targeting children from Asia.
Marty smokes unfiltered cigarettes, and Rita smokes filtered cigarettes. Rita is getting a higher concentration of what ingredient?
a. tobacco b. tar c. nicotine d. carbon dioxide
Answer the following statement(s) true (T) or false (F)
1. “Controlled vengeance” is about the state taking responsibility for punishing wrongdoers from the individuals who were wronged. 2. Retributive justice is driven by simple deterrence and is humanistic and tolerant. 3. Enrico Ferri believed the purpose of punishment was to rehabilitate offenders. 4. Severity of punishment is the most effective element in deterrence. 5. The contrast effect compares the possible punishment for a crime to the life experience of the individual to be punished.