In 1989, Abramson and his colleagues revised Seligman's theory of learned helplessness, changing the focus from specific attributions to ________ as the crucial factor in depression.
A. lack of control
B. a sense of hopelessness
C. repressed anger
D. a feeling of failure
Answer: B
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Which of the following statements best describes the findings of research on the life satisfaction of women from various age groups?
a. Women are most satisfied with their lives when they are young adults. b. The most satisfied group is women in their early 50s. c. The most satisfied group is women who are 70 to 80 years old. d. Age does not have a major effect on life satisfaction.
According to Freud, the ____ contains all instincts and is the driving force of personality.
a. id b. ego c. superego d. preconscious
The majority of time during a typical night's sleep is spent in _________ sleep.
A. stage 1 NREM B. stage 2 NREM C. stages 3 and 4 NREM D. REM
What system of ethics supports a retributive view of punishment?
A. Ethical formalism B. Ethics of care C. Relativism D. Utilitarianism