Describe the process of transcription in prokaryotes
What will be an ideal response?
ANSWER: First, RNA polymerase binds to the promoter immediately upstream of where production of
the mRNA will begin. RNA polymerase unwinds the DNA and begins synthesizing a new
RNA molecule just past the promoter region. Only one of the DNA strands is used as a
template, and the RNA strand is synthesized in the 5'®3' direction, antiparallel to the
template DNA strand. RNA polymerase progresses away from the promoter, growing the
RNA strand. As the RNA strand elongates, it is displaced from the DNA immediately behind
the RNA polymerase as the DNA strands reform the DNA double helix. Eventually the RNA
polymerase reaches a DNA terminator sequence. A protein binds to the terminator, triggering
the complete release of RNA polymerase and RNA from the DNA and from each other. This
ends transcription in prokaryotes.
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The first amino acid in a growing polypeptide chain is _____
a. methionine b. valine c. lysine d. phenylalanine e. glycine
A region's biodiversity is measured at three levels: _____ within species, _______diversity, and _______diversity.
Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).
Hemidesmosomes are important for ______________________
(a) tubulation of epithelial sheets. (b) linkages to glycosaminoglycans. (c) forming the basal lamina. (d) attaching epithelial cells to the extracellular matrix.
What do cytotoxic T cells interact with?
A. MHC class I proteins and viral or cancer cell peptides B. MHC class I and MHC class II proteins C. Viral or cancer cell peptides only D. MHC class I proteins only E. MHC class II proteins and viral or cancer cell peptides F. MHC class II proteins only