Peter Drucker's view of management stimulated the shift toward the realization of the importance of participatory organizations. Which option provides a scenario that is an example of a participatory organization?
1. The control of the organization is centralized, and decisions are made by upper-level management.
2. Staff nurses are expected to provide support and nurturing for management's decisions.
3. The organization's approach to leadership is autocratic and bureaucratic.
4. Staff nurses provide input into planning and changes for their own unit.
4
Explanation: 1. In participatory organizations, the control of the organization is decentralized and many decisions are made by those "on the front lines" of the organization.
2. The theory is that the staff should be nurtured to promote greater leadership competency.
3. According to Drucker, when staff participate in the core functions of management, the organization is more effective.
4. According to Drucker, when staff participate in the core functions of management such as planning and changes for their own units, the organization is more effective.
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