A study that followed, over a 20-year period, 500 users and 500 non-users of oral contraceptives to determine if there were any long-term side effects would be which of the following?
A) Time series
B) Retrospective study
C) Prospective study
D) Crossover study
C
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In prospective cohort designs, researchers begin with a possible cause, and then subsequently collect data about outcomes. Retrospective designs (case-control designs) involve collecting data about an outcome in the present and then looking back in time for possible causes. In a time-series design, outcome data are collected over a period of time before and after the intervention, usually for a single group. In crossover designs, people are exposed to more than one experimental condition in random order and serve as their own controls.
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The quality improvement team at a large, urban hospital has recognized the need to better integrate the principles of transcultural nursing into patient care
When explaining the concept of transcultural nursing to uninitiated nurses, how should the team members describe it? A) Transcultural nursing is the comparative analysis of the health benefits and risks of recognizable ethnic groups. B) Transcultural nursing refers to research-focused practice that focuses on patient-centered, culturally, competent nursing. C) Transcultural nursing refers to a systematic and evidence-based effort to improve health outcomes in patients born outside the United States. D) Transcultural nursing is a term used to describe interventions that seek to address language barriers in nursing practice.
A patient who is newly diagnosed with short bowel syndrome asks, "Now what do I need to do? I'm so tired of being sick." How should the nurse respond to this patient?
1. "Dealing with this problem will be difficult in the beginning." 2. "Sometimes minor diet changes will alleviate the problem." 3. "I think more surgery is in your future." 4. "Short bowel syndrome is a long-term challenge."
The proportion method with ratios to determine the amount to administer uses the following formula and
involves cross-multiplication: H/Q = D/A. Indicate whether the statement is true or false
A nurse inserts a nasogastric tube before an infant is to receive a tube feeding. What action should the nurse take when the infant begins to cough and gag?
a. Auscultating for breath sounds b. Removing the tube, then reinserting it c. Administering the tube feeding slowly d. Observing the infant for circumoral cyanosis