Is it possible to determine whether a treatment led to a change in the value of cases on the dependent variable in an experiment in which there was no pretest?
What will be an ideal response?
A true experiment does not require a pretest. When researchers use random assignment to the experimental and control groups, the groups' initial scores on the dependent variable and on all other variables are very likely to be similar. Any difference in outcome between the groups is therefore likely to be due to the intervention and the likelihood of a difference just on the basis of chance can be calculated.
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How many members of the grand jury are needed for a case to proceed to the trial stage?
a. three b. six c. seven d. nine
Which of the following statements is true of sodomy laws?
A. They empowered authorities of the Church to regulate American federal legislature. B. They essentially banned slavery in the United States. C. They called for racial segregation in the use of public facilities. D. They were completely abolished in the United States in 2003. E. They prevented women from pursuing education.
How many of the world's top ten "best brands" are headquartered in the United States?
a. four b. six c. eight d. ten
Which of the following is NOT a reason why new democracies would choose multiparty parliamentary systems rather than presidential or majoritarian parliamentary systems?
a. that independent executives are dangerous b. that the voters should have a diverse set of political parties to reflect their policy positions c. that everyone's voice is heard through multiple parties d. that countries with a history of strong, independent rulers (dictators) need leaders free from legislative restraint e. all of the above are reasons why new democracies would choose multiparty parliamentary systems