Edward Tolman studied rats running through mazes and found that ____
a. ?the rats who were both punished for incorrect choices and rewarded for correct choices learned the maze faster than rats that were only either punished or rewarded
b. ?the rats’ ability to cognitively process the maze had no effect on their success in reaching the end
c. ?rats that had been allowed to wander through the maze without rewards learned the maze more quickly than normal once they began to be rewarded for reaching the end
d. ?primary reinforcers were more effective than secondary reinforcers in teaching the rats to successfully navigate the maze
ANSWER:
c
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