How many layers are there on the criminal justice wedding cake?
A. two
B. three
C. four
D. five
Answer: C
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Stuart Henry and Dragan Milovanovic are known for their development of __________ criminology
a. constitutive b. anarchic c. peacemaking d. semiotic
_______________ refers to one where a stimulus is applied to the offender when the offender commits an undesired behavior.
a. Positive reinforcers b. Negative reinforcers c. Positive punishment d. Negative punishment
Christopher Schreck recognized that the General Theory of Crime could also be used to explain victimization, not just offending. He argued that ______.
a. preferences for simple tasks in persons with low self-control means that they lack persistence and/or diligence and seek tasks that provide easy opportunities and gratification b. a person with low self-control will engage in risk-seeking behaviors without thought of the consequences of such behaviors c. there are often parallels between victimization and offending, which raise the possibility that a common underlying cause can influence the likelihood of both becoming an offender and a victim d. low self-control will be shown through self-centeredness and will not consider how their actions impact others, showing no empathy
According to John Eck and William Spelman, the ability to identify problems represents the ________ stage of the problem-solving process.
A. scanning B. analysis C. response D. assessment