Edward C. Tolman's system combining the objective study of behavior with the consideration of goal-orientation in behavior is called ____.?
a. ?molar behavior
b. ?stimulus-response associations
c. ?intervening behaviorism
d. ?purposive behaviorism
e. ?goal setting theory
d
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Indicate whether the statement is true or false
If having a gene for Parkinson's Disease guarantees that Parkinson's Disease will develop, the presence of
the gene can be described as a A) sufficient cause. B) necessary cause. C) contributory cause. D) risk factor.
Bai, Yan, Zang, Liversedge, & Rayner investigated word/character recognition in written Chinese. Their major question was whether characters or words would prove to be the fundamental unit of processing in reading Chinese. Their results indicated
a) spacing out the characters more than usual enhanced performance. b) word spacing led to better reading performance than the spacing typically used in written Chinese. c) word spacing led to poorer performance than the spacing typically used in written Chinese. d) word spacing led to equal performance, relative to the spacing typically used in written Chinese.
According to the text, a theory should be developed:
A. before any empirical data are collected. B. after there is an adequate base of empirical data on the phenomenon of interest. C. whenever there is a phenomenon that cannot be adequately explained. D. only if the attempts to find functional relationships via research fail.