What determines an individual's identity status according to James Marcia? What is the criticism of this approach, and what is the alternative approach recommended by researchers?
What will be an ideal response?
James Marcia classifies individuals' identity statuses based on the existence or extent of their crisis or commitment. Crisis is defined as a period of identity development during which an individual is exploring alternatives. Most researchers use the term exploration rather than crisis. Commitment is personal investment in identity. Some critics argue that the identity status approach does not produce enough depth in understanding identity development. One way that researchers are now examining identity changes in depth is to use a narrative approach. This involves asking individuals to tell their life stories and evaluate the extent to which their stories are meaningful and integrated.
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Suppose that as a young worker you report being moderately satisfied with your job. On average, what can someone predict about how your satisfaction will change as you grow older?
a. You will become less satisfied. If you aren't happy now, you probably never will be b. You will remain moderately satisfied. People tend to be consistent over time. c. You will become more satisfied. Old workers generally like their jobs more than young workers do. d. Your satisfaction will increase and decrease repeatedly, with no overall trend.
What is the most dramatic contributor to skin aging?
A. poor nutrition B. contact with pollutants C. sun exposure D. smoking
In Freudian theory, "libido" is
A. an unlimited source of psychic energy. B. a general term referring to all instincts. C. a finite amount of psychic energy. D. the same thing as "Thanatos."
Megan just turned 32. She is keenly aware of biological changes that occur as she gets older. What's more, she measures the sensitivity of her senses and other physical characteristics by using sophisticated testing equipment
In which of the following areas is she likely to find some decline? a) vision and hearing b) sensitivity to odors and temperatures c) sensitivity to taste, muscular strength, and hearing d) sensitivity to taste, vision, and muscular strength