Describe the role of epinephrine in the fight-or-flight response. Mention its source, various functions, and several additional effects it brings about that supplement those brought about by the sympathetic nervous system
What will be an ideal response?
Epinephrine is secreted from the adrenal medulla during fight-or-flight situations in response to neural stimulation from the sympathetic nervous system. Epinephrine's effects are very similar to those exerted by norepinephrine secreted from sympathetic postganglionic neurons and include generalized vasoconstriction and increased cardiac contraction, which can help maintain blood pressure. In addition, epinephrine can bind to certain adrenergic receptors that are not stimulated by sympathetic neurons; thus, it can supplement the effects seen with direct stimulation by sympathetic neurons. These additional effects include promoting (1) vasodilation in heart and skeletal muscle, (2) the breakdown of glycogen in the liver, and (3) relaxation of bronchioles in the lungs.
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Of the different sources of genetic variability which one produces the variation seen by the combination of any particular male gamete to any particular female gamete?
A) independent assortment B) crossing over C) random fertilization D) mutation
Which of the following are components of the pelvic girdle?
A) sacrum. B) coxal bones. C) all of the above. D) hip bones.
The sodium-potassium pump moves ions against their concentration gradients and helps maintain an electrochemical gradient across the plasma membrane.
Answer the following statement true (T) or false (F)
Explain how the complementary strands of DNA are held together
A) They are held by ionic bonds. B) They are held by complementary base pairing; adenine to thymine and guanine to cytosine. C) They are held by complementary base pairing; adenine to cytosine and thymine to guanine. D) They are held by complementary base pairing; adenine to guanine and thymine to cytosine. E) They are held by complementary base pairing; adenine to adenine, thymine to thymine, guanine to guanine, and cytosine to cytosine.