The nurse is concerned that a patient is at risk for developing cancer of the penis. What did the nurse assess to make this clinical determination?
Select all that apply.
1. phimosis
2. human papilloma virus (HPV)
3. HIV infection
4. excessive ultraviolet light exposure
5. being Jewish or Muslim
Correct Answer: 1, 2, 3, 4
Cancer of the penis is rare in North America but risk factors include males between the ages of 45 and 60; the presence of phimosis, HPV, or HIV; and ultraviolet light exposure, such as used to treat psoriasis. There is no information to support the incidence of penile cancer in Jewish and Muslim men.
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