Which of the following must be measured indirectly? (Select all that apply.)
a. Number of miles from San Francisco to Disneyland
b. Level of consciousness
c. Height
d. Hope
e. Liver function
ANS: A, D, E
An abstract concept is not measured directly; instead, indicators or attributes of the concept are used to represent the abstraction. This is referred to as indirect measurement. In addition, hard-to-access physiologic and behavioral variables and huge quantities may be measured indirectly.
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Convert 1.5 ounces per minute to an equivalent rate in pounds per hour
1. 1440 pounds per hour 2. 0.4 pounds per hour 3. 5.625 pounds per hour 4. 56.26 pounds per hour
The nurse observes the arm of a patient who was given the Mantoux skin test for tuberculosis. There is induration of 3 mm. How should the nurse document the results?
a. Negative b. Questionable c. Positive for exposure d. Positive for TB
The nurse manager is concerned about the increased number of medication adverse effects being observed in older patients. What should the manager do to reduce these effects? Select all that apply.
1. Conduct a monthly quality improvement study. 2. Monitor each nurse's ability to detect preparation errors. 3. Discuss the importance of not missing medication doses. 4. Review pharmacy documentation regarding drug—drug interactions. 5. Ensure that the physicians' orders are legible.
The best area to assess for cyanosis in dark-skinned patients is:
A) Nail beds. B) Palms. C) Buccal mucosa. D) Conjunctiva.