Why is the Sunshine Model of ethnonursing more specific to health than other ethnography models?

Question

a. It was created by a nurse.
b. It values the point of view of the individual.
c. It focuses on factors that impact health.
d. It explains how various levels of culture interact.

Answer 1

ANS: C
Madeline Leininger (1970) brought ethnography into nursing science by writing the first book linking nursing with anthropology. Leininger was first a nurse and then earned her doctoral degree in anthropology. In the 1950s, she began developing a framework for culture care that became the Sunshine Model (Clarke, McFarland, Andrews, & Leininger, 2009). The Sunshine Model identifies factors that affect health and illness, such as religion, income, kinship, education, values, and beliefs. Chapter 7 contains more information about the Theory of Culture Care developed by Leininger, so this section focuses on the qualitative method that she developed to be consistent with ethnonursing. Multiple levels of factors affect the culture and, consequently, the care expressions of the people. A person who is a member of the only Vietnamese family in a small rural community in Georgia may have different care practices than if he or she were living in New York City in a predominantly Vietnamese community.