What principle describes why the taste and smell stimuli that produce food aversions in rats do NOT work with most species of birds?
A) the law of effect
B) operant conditioning
C) biological preparedness
D) extinction
C) biological preparedness
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If a researcher wanted to survey a population that had 100 million people, a good strategy for finding out about the population would be to
a. reduce the size of the population to a realistic number and conduct a census. b. survey no more than about 1,500 people to get a good picture of the population. c. create several small surveys for use with the population instead of one large survey. d. create open-ended questions for more diversity of responses from the population.
The recency effect is thought to result from participants’ use of ______ memory.
a. sensory b. short-term c. long-term d. either sensory or short-term
Ava admires Susan for her math skills. She regularly notices how Susan works hard to complete all work accurately and quickly. Ava asked Susan how she prepares for exams after learning that Susan earned the top score on the last three tests. Researchers
would say that Ava has engaged in a(n) a. upward social comparison. b. downward social comparison. c. self-improvement technique. d. self-verification technique.
Which of the following best describes a retrospective design?
A. measuring whether a change in one variable corresponds with changes in another variable B. solving practical problems in society by using empirical methods C. looking backward in time in an attempt to reconstruct the conditions that led to a current situation D. looking forward to see how a group of people change, or how a relationship between two variables changes over time