List and describe a few types of phobic disorders. Provide examples for each type.
What will be an ideal response?
Students' answers may vary.
Some of the phobic disorders are as follows:
(a) Agoraphobia is defined as the fear of places, such as unfamiliar or crowded spaces, where help might not be available in case of emergency. For instance, a person becomes housebound because any place other than the person's home arouses extreme anxiety symptoms.
(b) Specific phobias include fear of specific objects, places, or situations. Some people, for instance, have an extreme fear of dogs, cats, or spiders. Such a phobia would be termed as a specific phobia of the animal type. Another specific phobia is the natural environment type, in which a person has a fear of events or situations in the natural environment. A person's fear of storms, heights, or water may be termed as a specific phobia of the natural environment type. A third type of specific phobia is the blood injection injury type, which includes a fear of blood, injury, and injections. A person who panics on seeing a child's scraped knee is likely to have this specific phobia.
(c) Social phobia is defined as the fear of being judged or embarrassed by others. A person with a social phobia will avoid all social situations and becomes a recluse for fear of encountering others' judgment.
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According to the research on masturbation,
a. men and women report similar frequencies of masturbation. b. the majority of both males and females report masturbating at least once a week. c. among adults, gender differences in the frequency of masturbation are large. d. masturbation is now much less common among both men and women, in comparison to 20 years ago.
When using prompting and transfer of stimulus control, a reinforcer should be delivered when the behavior occurs:
a. in the presence of the discriminative stimulus b. following removal of a prompt c. following a prompt d. all of these
Internet gaming disorder, attenuated psychosis syndrome, persistent complex bereavement, and nonsuicidal self-injury are discussed in the text as “proposed criteria sets” in DSM-5. First, explain what is meant by proposed criteria sets. Second, select one of the disorders and briefly describe its symptoms.
What will be an ideal response?
In contrast to Ellis's view, Beck's view of psychological problems focuses more on
a. the critical events in a person's life. b. family background. c. faulty logic. d. unconscious motive and desires. e. faulty beliefs.