How does exercise reduce the risk of certain cancers and to what extent?
What will be an ideal response?
Reviews of the evidence of physical activity and cancer prevention from epidemiological studies reveal that exercise is associated with an average 20% to 30% reduction in risk of cancers of the breast and a 30% to 40% of the colon; each hour of weekly physical activity is associated with a 6% lower risk of breast cancer. There is some evidence that ongoing physical activity may reduce breast cancer risk through promoting an increase in apoptosis (cellular death) of tumor cells and through reducing circulating estrogen levels; changes in estrogen metabolism can result in a decrease in breast epithelial cell proliferation. However, more research is needed to determine the exact mechanisms responsible for exercise-related breast cancer prevention.
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Marijuana, LSD, mescaline, and psilocybin cause their effects by
a. slowing the removal of glutamate after it is released. b. depressing activity in the nervous system. c. simulating the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. d. affecting neurotransmitter systems that carry messages between brain cells.
According to research findings, which of the following are included in the core beliefs of gamblers?
a. through persistence and skill I can make money from gambling b. while many may fail I have what it takes to win c. persistence will eventually bring rewards d. if I lose on this turn I am increasingly likely to win e. all of the above
Which statement about statistical learning is true?
A. Children are biased to ignore patterns of information unless the patterns are very simple. B. Statistical learning is effective at detecting patterns in temporal streams of information, but not in information that is presented all at once. C. Caregivers can support statistical learning by adjusting the complexity of the information to which infants are exposed. D. Statistical learning is limited to humans because it requires the capability to comprehend language.
According to Piaget, infants
a. do not have schemes. b. are incapable of cognition. c. have schemes that involve simply what they can and cannot do with objects. d. are entirely dependent upon reflexes for survival.