Which of the following statements about the innate immune system is NOT true?
A. Innate immunity is present in all multicellular organisms, including plants and insects.
B. Deficiencies in innate immunity markedly increase host susceptibility to infection, even in the setting of an intact adaptive immune response.
C. Innate immunity is better suited for eliminating virulent, resistant microbes than is adaptive immunity.
D. The innate immune response can be divided into recognition, activation, and effector phases.
E. The innate immune response against microbes influences the type of adaptive immune response that develops.
ANS: C. Innate immunity is the first line of defense against infections, yet many pathogenic microbes have evolved strategies to resist innate immunity. Adaptive immunity, being more potent and specialized, plays a critical role in defending against these virulent microbes. Innate immunity is the phylogenetically oldest mechanism of microbial defense, and it is present in all multicellular organisms, including plants and insects. Studies have shown that hampering effector mechanisms of innate immunity renders hosts much more susceptible to infection, even with a functional adaptive immune system. It is also true that, like the adaptive response, the innate immune response consists of recognition, activation, and effector phases. Although it provides the initial, rapid response against microbes, innate immunity can influence adaptive immune responses to tailor them against particular microbes.
You might also like to view...
The positive aspects of a person's life, such being satisfied with life in general and having positive emotions, determines one's sense of
A) progress. B) well-being. C) change. D) health.
Which term refers to a health or fitness professional who evaluates, motivates, educates, and trains clients to help them meet individualized healthy lifestyle goals?
a. fitness "boot camp" counselor b. lifestyles coach c. personal trainer. d. "cardio" coach e. kinesiologist
Streets typically are rated by traffic engineers according to their ____
A) ?length and width B) ?walkability C) ?type of surface D) ?degree of use E) ?level of service
If you are concerned about the costs of health care, which of the following practices should you avoid?
A) obtaining recommended health screenings B) maintaining a healthy weight C) exercising regularly D) using the emergency room for your routine health care