All of the following are general components of the growth factor signaling pathway EXCEPT

A. tyrosine kinase-linked receptor.
B. GRB2-Sos-Ras complexes.
C. phosphorylated transcription factors.
D. Raf-1.
E. IP3 and Ca2+.


E. IP3 and Ca2+.

Biology & Microbiology

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Australopiths show a trend toward improved upright walking, smaller teeth, and greater hand dexterity. Like other early hominins, they retained a ____

a. vertically split upper lip b. a skull that opens to the spinal cord at the rear c. modern human sized brain d. chimpanzee-sized brain e. a prehensile tail

Biology & Microbiology

Involves aggregated data on the population level. ecologic fallacy

a. ecologic study b. case study c. repressed study d. none of the above

Biology & Microbiology

Congenital deafness in humans is due to the

homozygous condition of either of the recessive genes d or e, or both of these genes. Both dominant D and E are necessary for normal hearing. Gene D/d affects the middle ear, while gene E/e affects the inner ear. It does not matter how good the normal inner ear (as indicated by E__) is; if there is something wrong in the middle ear, the individual is unable to hear. The same applies for the other gene. Give the phenotypic results of the following crosses: (a) Dd EE x Dd EE (b) Dd Ee x Dd Ee (c) dd EE x DD ee (d) Dd EE x Dd ee (e) Dd EE x DD Ee What will be an ideal response?

Biology & Microbiology

Which of the following is not a polymer of numerous monomer units?

A) a phospholipid B) a polypeptide C) an RNA molecule D) cellulose E) starch

Biology & Microbiology