The Fed uses operating targets as well as intermediate targets because
A) the Federal Reserve Act of 1913 requires it to do so.
B) the Fed controls intermediate targets only indirectly.
C) the public is much more unfamiliar with the variables used as operating targets, so for policy to be effective intermediate targets must also be announced.
D) if one set of targets proves ineffective in attaining policy goals, the other set is available.
B
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Higher relative wages for labor tends to
A) increase the supply of labor. B) decrease the demand for labor. C) encourage firms to find substitutes, such as automation. D) accomplish all of the above.
The law of diminishing marginal returns states
A) that at some point, adding more of a variable input to a given amount of a fixed input will cause the marginal product of the variable input to decline. B) that at some point, adding more of a fixed input to a given amount of variable inputs will cause the marginal product of the variable input to decline. C) that in the presence of a fixed factor, at some point average product of labor starts to fall as more and more variable inputs are added. D) average total costs of production initially fall and after some point starts to rise at a decreasing rate as output increases.
If economies of scale are relatively unimportant in an industry, the typical firm's long-run average total cost curve will reach a minimum at a level of output that is a ________ fraction of total industry sales. The industry will be ________
A) large; competitive B) small; an oligopoly C) large; an oligopoly D) small; competitive
The price of a bond with a maturity date one time period into the future is equal to its face value
a. multiplier by 1 - r. b. multiplied by 1 + r. c. divided by 1 + r. d. divided by 1 - r.