. Statistical controls allow researchers to reduce the risk of spurious attributions of causality in nonexperimental research. The value of this for establishing causality is:

a. Weakened due to the inability to meet the criterion of time order in nonexperimental research
b. Weakened due to the inability to meet the criterion of association
c. Weakened due to the inability to control for all extraneous variables
d. Stronger than the value of random assignment for establishing causality in experimental research


c. Weakened due to the inability to control for all extraneous variables

Criminal Justice

You might also like to view...

The Obama administration's official National Strategy for Counterterrorism maintains a focus on

a. preventing domestic terrorism. b. deterring Islamic-inspired terrorism. c. expanding the USA PATRIOT Act. d. expanding the Department of Homeland Security

Criminal Justice

Which is false regarding correctional officers?

A. Correctional officers have minimal impact on a prisoner's ability to adjust to prison life. B. Prison guards historically were viewed as ruthless individuals who enjoyed their power over inmates. C. A significant problem of correctional officers is that facilities are underfunded. D. Crowded prisons create stress and impair job performance for correctional officers.

Criminal Justice

______ occur when the state legislature provides judges with the ability within defined limits to set a minimum and maximum sentence.

a. Determinate sentences b. Indeterminate sentences c. Mandatory minimum sentences d. Presumptive sentencing guidelines

Criminal Justice

Answer the following statement(s) true (T) or false (F)

1. Prisoner use of the courts to file grievances increased during the civil rights movements. 2. A writ of habeas corpus allows the government to imprison someone without cause. 3. The U.S. Supreme Court has been fruitful in its application of constitutional protections in prison settings. 4. The CRIPA law gave power to the Civil Rights Division of the Department of Justice. 5. PREA legislation had bipartisan support that included various organizations.

Criminal Justice