Describe the five basic ways that people self-administer drugs, and explain their effects
What will be an ideal response?
Answer:
• Ingestion is the process of swallowing and absorbing a drug through the digestive system. It is the slowest way for a chemical to reach the brain.
• Injection is the process of using a syringe to inject a drug into the skin (subcutaneous injection), muscle (intramuscular injection), or bloodstream (intravenous injection), Injecting a drug into a vein sends it more quickly to the brain. As a result, the drug can deliver a quicker rush, but the high can also fade faster, which leads to repeated use and a higher addictive potential. Injecting a drug can expose a user to diseases.
• Inhalation is the process of breathing a drug into the lung through the mouth or nostril. Like injection, it increases a drug's addictive potential because it speeds drugs into the bloodstream.
• Mucosal absorption is the absorption of a drug through the mucous membranes. Chewing tobacco is absorbed through the mucous membranes of the mouth. Cocaine that has been snorted is absorbed through the mucous membranes of the nose.
• Topical administration is typified by applying a drug directly to a body surface like the skin. A nicotine patch, which is applied directly to the skin's surface, is an example of topical administration.
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