According to the Nigresence Model, pre-encounter refers to:

a) a stage of pre-identity
b) a stage of post-identity
c) the last stage of identity development
d) all of the above


a) a stage of pre-identity

Counseling

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Which level of competence is being illustrated by the following? You are able to conduct a beginners workshop teaching listening skills.

a. identification and classification competence b. basic competence c. intentional competence d. teaching competence

Counseling

An individual who views his or her disability as something that should be cured and must be fixed in order for the individual to be viewed as “normal” is most closely influenced by which of the disability constructs?

a. moral construct b. medical model c. social model d. individual model

Counseling

Groups seem to be effective for all ages. Discuss specific ways that groups are beneficial to older clients.

What will be an ideal response?

Counseling

Which one of the following is the best definition of addiction?

a. Addiction is a malfunction within the brain that leads to characteristic biological, psychological, social and spiritual manifestations. b. Addiction is a primary, chronic disease of brain reward, motivation, memory and related circuitry. c. Addition is a function of personality (e.g., addictive personality). d. All of the above.

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