A marketing researcher reviews the month's sales slips for a convenience store and compares them with restocking orders, in order to determine which products are being stolen from the shelves. This study has little control. Why is this the case?
(Select all that apply.)
a. The researcher has no control over whether people choose to shoplift.
b. There is no control for extraneous variables.
c. No variables are manipulated.
d. The design is descriptive or correlational; as compared with other types of research, control is low.
e. The data collected were actually generated by other people and may be erroneous.
ANS: B, C, D, E
Control occurs when the researcher imposes "rules" to decrease the possibility of error and thus increase the probability that the study's findings are an accurate reflection of reality. Through control, the researcher can reduce the influence or confounding effect of extraneous variables on the study variables. Quantitative research requires varying degrees of control, ranging from minimal control to high control of study design. Descriptive and correlational studies are usually conducted with minimal or partial control of the study design. Correlational research often has more control of its design than does descriptive research. Quasi-experimental studies are usually conducted with moderate control of study design. Experimental studies are highly controlled.
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