At daycare, Anna and Helen are both fighting over a broken cookie. They both had cookies the same size, but Anna's broke in half and now Helen thinks Anna has more than she does. When the daycare provider shows the girls that they both have equal amounts of cookie, Helen calms down as she now understands. Anna continues to feel superior, having more cookie than Helen. According to Vygotsky these children were not at the same cognitive level to begin with. This concept is:
A. the information processing approach
B. the zone of proximal development
C. the mastery of conservation
D. an understanding of irreversibility
B. the zone of proximal development
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People hear a tone, followed by a puff of air to the eyes, which causes an eyeblink. After a few pairings, people blink their eyes when they hear the tone. What are the conditioned stimulus and the unconditioned stimulus?
a. The puff of air is the conditioned stimulus and the tone is the unconditioned stimulus. b. The tone is the conditioned stimulus and the puff of air is the unconditioned stimulus. c. The puff of air is the conditioned stimulus and blinking is the unconditioned stimulus. d. The tone is the conditioned stimulus and blinking is the unconditioned stimulus.
Limiting individual differences is a way to ____
a. standardize procedures b. standardize treatment settings c. reduce the variance within treatments d. maximize the variance within treatments
Both Pierre's biological parents had bipolar disorder. When he was four months old, he was adopted by a family that has no history of bipolar disorder. In these circumstances, Pierre has:
a. an increased risk for developing bipolar disorder, even if he has no contact with his biological parents b. an increased risk for developing bipolar disorder, but only if he maintains contact with his biological parents c. the same risk for developing bipolar disorder as the rest of his adopted family's children d. no increase in his risk for developing bipolar disorder, but an increase in his risk for other psychological disorders
The founder of the school of functionalism was the American philosopher
a. John Dewey. b. Henry James. c. William James. d. Edward Titchener.