Which statement by a patient indicates to the nurse that more teaching is needed about the phases of HBV infection?
A) "Chronic infection is the immune tolerant phase."
B) "In the immune active phase I will be HBsAg positive."
C) "I will be HBcAb positive in all phases."
D) "I will develop HBeAb in the inactive phase."
A) "Chronic infection is the immune tolerant phase."
Explanation: A) HBV infection is classified into three phases: immune tolerant, immune active, and inactive. The immune tolerant phase occurs as a result of vertical transmission from a mother who is HBsAg and HBeAg positive to her infant in the perinatal period. In the immune active phase, also referred to as chronic HBV, the patient is HBsAg positive and may be either HBeAg positive or HbeAg negative. HBeAg positive patients typically have elevated ALT levels and HBV DNA levels greater than 20,000 Iu/mL. HBeAg-negative patients usually have lower ALT and HBV DNA levels. The inactive phase is characterized by loss of HBeAg and development of HBeAb with normal ALT levels and HBV DNA less than 2000 IU/mL. HBcAb remains positive in all phases.
B) HBV infection is classified into three phases: immune tolerant, immune active, and inactive. The immune tolerant phase occurs as a result of vertical transmission from a mother who is HBsAg and HBeAg positive to her infant in the perinatal period. In the immune active phase, also referred to as chronic HBV, the patient is HBsAg positive and may be either HBeAg positive or HbeAg negative. HBe Ag positive patients typically have elevated ALT levels and HBV DNA levels greater than 20,000 Iu/mL. HBeAg-negative patients usually have lower ALT and HBV DNA levels. The inactive phase is characterized by loss of HBeAg and development of HBeAb with normal ALT levels and HBV DNA less than 2000 IU/mL. HBcAb remains positive in all phases.
C) HBV infection is classified into three phases: immune tolerant, immune active, and inactive. The immune tolerant phase occurs as a result of vertical transmission from a mother who is HBsAg and HBeAg positive to her infant in the perinatal period. In the immune active phase, also referred to as chronic HBV, the patient is HBsAg positive and may be either HBeAg positive or HbeAg negative. HBe Ag positive patients typically have elevated ALT levels and HBV DNA levels greater than 20,000 Iu/mL. HBeAg-negative patients usually have lower ALT and HBV DNA levels. The inactive phase is characterized by loss of HBeAg and development of HBeAb with normal ALT levels and HBV DNA less than 2000 IU/mL. HBcAb remains positive in all phases.
D) HBV infection is classified into three phases: immune tolerant, immune active, and inactive. The immune tolerant phase occurs as a result of vertical transmission from a mother who is HBsAg and HBeAg positive to her infant in the perinatal period. In the immune active phase, also referred to as chronic HBV, the patient is HBsAg positive and may be either HBeAg positive or HbeAg negative. HBeAg positive patients typically have elevated ALT levels and HBV DNA levels greater than 20,000 Iu/mL. HBeAg-negative patients usually have lower ALT and HBV DNA levels. The inactive phase is characterized by loss of HBeAg and development of HBeAb with normal ALT levels and HBV DNA less than 2000 IU/mL. HBcAb remains positive in all phases.
You might also like to view...
Who is considered the forerunner of modern public health nursing in the United States?
a. Vincent DePaul b. William Rathbone c. Florence Nightingale d. Lillian Wald
A nurse is explaining nonstress testing to expectant parents. Which statement indicates that further teaching is necessary?
a. "If the fetal heart rate increases in response to fetal movement, the test is considered to be reactive." b. "If there is little or no increase in fetal heart rate with fetal movement, the test is considered to be nonreactive." c. "A reactive nonstress test means that further assessment will be required." d. "A reactive stress test indicates that the fetus is well oxygenated with autonomic functions."
As an advocate for leukemia research, the nurse along with many others succeeded in urging the U.S. Congress to debate and vote on a bill that significantly increases federal funding for this research
Which system level would such an intervention address? A) Upstream B) Mainstream C) Sidestream D) Downstream
Air in the pleural space is:
a. Pleural effusion b. Pneumothorax c. Hemothorax d. Sputum