An instrumentation effect occurs when
a. the instrument employed for the pretest has an effect that shows up on the posttest.
b. the measurement instrument is changed from the pretest to the posttest.
c. there is a change on the dependent variable from the pretest score to the posttest score.
d. there is a change on the independent variable from the pretest score to the posttest score.
e. the instrument was not an appropriate one.
B
You might also like to view...
Police and hospital records on spousal assault indicate that
a. men and women are similar in their violence towards their spouses. b. despite the stereotypes, women are actually more violent than men. c. nearly all violence between spouses is directed at women by men. d. in traditional marriages men are more violent; in egalitarian marriages, the violence is nearly equal between husbands and wives.
The 1993 Family and Medical Leave Act mandates up to __________of unpaid family leave for workers in companies with at least fifty employees
a. two weeks b. twelve weeks c. twenty weeks d. two years
What contributes to the lack of industrialization in sub-Saharan Africa?
a. Slow population growth b. High birth rates c. A high concentration of individuals living in rural areas d. A high concentration of individuals living in cities
Alexis de Tocqueville thought that the strength of democracy in America was related to
a. Their revolutionary, anti-authoritarian past b. The importance of religion c. The strength of civil society d. Strong individualism