In the Thom et al. (2000) study of the treatment of dental-phobic patients, if participants in the two experimental groups showed reduced anxiety from pretest to posttest, could the researchers conclude that the treatments were effective in reducing anxiety?
a. Yes. Reduction in anxiety for the experimental groups would prove the effectiveness of the treatment
b. No. There are many possible reasons why patients would show reduced anxiety, so the only way to know if the cause was the treatments would be to use a control group that did not get a treatment.
c. Yes, but only if one of the groups had a greater reduction in anxiety than the other.
d. No. To conclude that the treatments were effective, they would need to see if the effects last for many years afterwards.
b
You might also like to view...
According to the text, one of the most common ways to reduce cognitive dissonance is to
a. change beliefs. b. change behaviors. c. change beliefs and behaviors. d. use rationalizations. e. ignore the inconsistencies until they fade away.
The depressive phase of bipolar disorder is often _____ major depression.
A) indistinguishable from B) slightly more severe than is C) considerably more severe than is D) less severe than is
Regarding crystallized abilities, which of the following statements is FALSE?
a. Crystallized abilities may actually improve into one's 60s. b. Crystallized abilities include vocabulary and stored-up facts. c. Crystallized abilities require speed or rapid learning. d. Crystallized abilities can offset declines in fluid abilities.
According to Marcia, adolescents who experience a crisis but do not resolve it and thus
cannot become committed to a course of action are said to be in a. foreclosure. b. moratorium. c. identity diffusion. d. identity achievement. e. role confusion.