The client receiving tamoxifen (Tamofen) asks how this therapy helps fight breast cancer. What is the nurse's best response?
A. "The breast cancer cells need estrogen to continue growing. This agent decreases your circulating levels of estrogen."
B. "The breast cancer cells need estrogen to continue growing. This agent causes you to secrete testosterone instead of estrogen."
C. "The breast cancer cells need estrogen to continue growing. This agent kills off both the normal estrogen-secreting cells and the cancer cells."
D. "The breast cancer cells need estrogen to continue growing. This agent blocks the receptors for your naturally occurring estrogen, reducing its availability to the cancer cells."
D
Tamoxifen is an estrogen antagonist-agonist. Its use in breast cancer is limited to cancers that express the estrogen receptor. Tamoxifen binds to the estrogen receptors, inhibiting the binding of estrogen to the receptors and therefore "starving" the cancer cells of an essential growth fac-tor.
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A process of intentional intervention to create something new is called:
a. altered direction. b. organizational flux. c. planned change. d. status revision.
The client's lab studies reveal a normal serum albumin with a prealbumin of 10. How does the nurse interpret the significance of these readings?
A) The client has had recent protein malnutrition. B) The client is now relatively well nourished, with malnutrition 6–8 months ago. C) Carbohydrate malnutrition has occurred over the last 6 months. D) The client is at risk for development of malabsorption syndromes.
When teaching the client about OTC oxymetazoline hydrochloride (Afrin), the nurse should stress to take as directed because overuse could result in:
a. central nervous system depression. c. rhinitis. b. rebound congestion. d. copious drainage of nasal secretions.
A postpartum client reports to her nurse that her three-day-old newborn has passed a bright green stool. The nurse's best explanation for this is:
A. "Please talk to your pediatrician about this." B. "There may be a possible food allergy." C. "Your newborn has diarrhea." D. "This is a normal finding in newborns."