What type of procedure involves the removal of staghorn renal calculus?
a. Percutaneous chemolysis
b. Percutaneous nephrostolithotomy
c. Ultrasonic lithotripsy
d. Nephrolithotomy or pyelolithotomy
ANS: D
An open incision is made during the nephrolithotomy or pyelolithotomy procedure in order to remove a large staghorn renal calculus, which branches from the renal pelvis into the calyces and into the ureter. A nephroscope may be used during this procedure to visualize the nephrons and locate and remove fragments of calculi.
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