The nurse is caring for a client in the allergy clinic. The nurse selects the nursing diagnosis Risk for Shock when the client's history reveals which of the following?

Question

1. Anaphylactic reaction to shrimp
2. Glomerulonephritis
3. A drug reaction causing a rash
4. Dermatitis resulting from a response to a brand of soap

Answer 1

1. Anaphylactic reaction to shrimp

Rationale:
Type I hypersensitivities occur immediately and may be life threatening. This is the case with an anaphylactic reaction. A rash caused by a drug reaction is a type II hypersensitivity, which occurs 15 to 30 minutes postexposure to the allergen. Glomerulonephritis is an example of atype III hypersensitivity in which antigen–antibody complexes circulate within the blood and tissue causing cellular and tissue injury. This reaction occurs 10 to 14 days after the exposure. In the case of glomerulonephritis, the kidney is damaged from immune complex deposits that occur in response to toxins produced in a streptococcal infection. Dermatitis is a type IV hypersensitivity, which is delayed hypersensitivity.