Which of the following activities are normally undertaken as part of doing a meta-analysis? Select all that apply
A) Obtaining the original data set from primary study researchers
B) Selecting a sample of studies
C) Systematically extracting and recording data
D) Evaluating the quality of studies
B, C, D
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Systematic reviews often involve statistical integration of findings through meta-analysis, a procedure whose advantages include objectivity and enhanced power. The steps in both quantitative and qualitative integration are similar and involve the following: formulating the problem, designing the study (including establishing sampling criteria), searching the literature for a sample of primary studies but not obtaining the original data set from primary study researchers, evaluating study quality, extracting and encoding data for analysis, analyzing the data, and reporting the findings.
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Monozygotic twins separated at birth are used to compare the effects of genetics versus environment and health because
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The nurse collects data on clients who have visited a health fair in the mall. Which client would benefit the most from a detailed nutritional assessment?
1. A 21-year-old female who has just begun college and has lost 5 pounds in the first semester. 2. A 2-year-old whose mother stated that he seems to be growing faster than she can buy him clothes. 3. A 50-year-old male who reported that he lost 10 pounds in 6 weeks without even trying. 4. A 35-year-old female who has gained 15 pounds in a year after the birth of her first child.
A patient diagnosed with Trichomonas asks the nurse about how the diagnosis will affect her risk for cervical cancer. Which of the following responses by the nurse is best?
a. "Wet-mount slides should be done yearly to help detect cervical cancer." b. "Papanicolaou smears should be done more frequently because results may be altered by Trichomonas." c. "Serological testing will be done to detect tumor proteins and screen for cervical cancer." d. "Culture and sensitivity testing is done with Papanicolaou (Pap) smears every other year to determine if you have cervical cancer."