If a researcher wanted to describe the relationship between women's age and frequency of performing breast self-examination, the study would be classified as which of the following?
A) Descriptive correlational
B) Quasi-experimental
C) Longitudinal
D) Experimental
A
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Nonexperimental (observational) research includes descriptive research—studies that summarize the status of phenomena—and correlational studies that examine relationships among variables but involve no intervention or attempt to infer causal connections. Quasi-experiments (trials without randomization) involve an intervention but lack a comparison group or randomization. Longitudinal designs involve data collection at two or more times over an extended period. Experiments (or randomized controlled trials, RCTs) involve an intervention (the researcher manipulates the independent variable by introducing an intervention; control (including the use of a control group that is not given the intervention and represents the comparative counterfactual); and randomization or random assignment (with participants allocated to experimental and control groups at random to make the groups comparable at the outset).
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The physician prescribes metoprolol tartrate (a beta blocker) for an African American patient with hypertension. Based on the patient's ethnicity, the nurse should monitor the effectiveness of therapy closely, because:
1) Higher doses of the drug may be needed to be effective. 2) More gastrointestinal side effects occur with this group. 3) Flushing and palpitations are common among African Americans. 4) Rebound hypotension commonly occurs in this group.
The patient should have his or her eyes closed during the exam of the sensory system
A) True B) False
The nurse is providing instructions to the mother of a child with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection regarding immunizations
Which of the following statements, if made by the mother, indicates an understanding of the immunization schedule? 1. "The hepatitis B vaccine is not to be given to my child." 2. "My child will receive all the vaccines like any other child." 3. "Family members in the household need to receive the influenza vaccine." 4. "Blood tests need to be evaluated before any immunizations are given to my child."