The fundamental fairness doctrine of due process requires states to provide:
a. notice to defendants of the charges against them, an attorney at state expense if they cannot afford one, and ahearing on the facts before conviction and punishment
b. notice to defendants of the charges against them and hearing on the facts before conviction and punishment.
c. a grand jury proceeding only.
d. notice to defendants of the charges against them, a grand jury proceeding, and a hearing on the facts beforeconviction and punishment.
b
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A younger perpetrator does not plan the crime well (e.g., use of weapons, getaway car) but robs a cab when it happens to pass by. The suspect is a member of a juvenile gang and is trying to "prove" himself to the others as a "tough guy"
What type of perpetrator is the suspect above? A. Professional robber. B. Opportunistic robber. C. Drug addict robber. D. Intoxicated robber.
Which of the following special concerns has been voiced about imposing community service sentences?
a. There is no identifiable benefit to the community b. It is a very inefficient type of penalty from an economic point of view c. The convicted offender can transform it into a public relations coup d. It is likely to be experienced as unduly harsh and costly by the offender
Performance measurement provides the basis for the implementation of a management process
a. comprehensive b. definitive c. positive d. negative e. all of the above
Which of the following is false with regard to Reiss’s control theory?
a. It is one of the earliest examples of control theory in criminology. b. It identifies the key aspects of conformity: acceptance and submission. c. It integrates ideas from Marxist and socialist thought with control-oriented concepts. d. It assumes that one’s family and friends have the most impact on one’s behavior. e. It claims that people raised in foster homes have lower levels of control than those raised in their natural families.