In Illinois v. Rodriguez (1990), the U.S. Supreme Court held that the test to be applied in determining whether a third-party consent to search is valid is ____________________
a. based on the relationship of the third party giving consent to the party whose premises are searched
b. the degree of dominion and control exercised by the third party over the searched premises
c. the police officer’s subjective belief that the third party has the authority to grant consent to a search of the premises
d. whether the third party giving consent has some ownership interest in the searched premises
Answer: C
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Which of the following would meet criteria for reasonable suspicion?
A) less than probable cause, but more than preponderance of the evidence B) less than preponderance of the evidence, but more than administrative justification C) less than administrative justification, but more than hunch D) less than proof beyond a reasonable doubt, but more than probable cause
Many gangs have formal, written codes
Indicate whether the statement is true or false
The stage of citizen participation that highlighted only the participation of selected citizens to government activities in order to get a "representative sample" was:
a. 1949-1963 b. 1964 -1968 c. 1969-1981 d. 1981-present
The most common research strategy in criminology and criminal justice is:
a. content analysis. b. experiments. c. surveys. d. participation observation.