What is the Five-Step Learning Cycle and when should it be used? Identify and give an example of each step.
What will be an ideal response?
The Five-Step Learning Cycle is a problem-solving process used to make evidence-based decisions to solve realistic dilemmas encountered in early childhood special education learning environments. Student answers will vary but should clearly outline each of the five steps and give an example of each. Step 1 involves identifying the dilemma or problem. This is where professionals look to other professional, teachers, and families to define the problem. For example, a child may be having difficulty working cooperatively with his or her peers. The first step, then, is for the teacher to define what may be causing this uncooperative behavior. Step 2 involves establishing the context for solving the problem by asking questions about the problem. In this case, an example might be the teacher asking questions such: Does the child always act uncooperatively during activities? Are there only certain activities or times of day when the child is less cooperative? Are there certain triggers for the uncooperative behavior? Step 3 involves gathering evidence from multiple sources such as from other professionals, families, and teachers. This step involves asking the same questions to important others in the child’s life. What do other teachers and family members notice? What have his or her peers noticed about this behavior? Step 4 involves integrating gathered evidence to begin decision-making. Once a teacher has gathered evidence, then he or she can begin to make informed decisions about how to best solve the dilemma. For example, if the uncooperative behavior only occurs when the child is using his or her favorite paint set during class, perhaps the teacher can find ways to include more paint sets for other children or introduce the child to new colors in the paint sets beyond those that he or she is most comfortable with. Finally, Step 5 involves evaluating and refining decisions related to the identified problem. This is an ongoing process and should be implemented whenever needed. Thus, the teacher can implement his or her plan to include more paint sets or introduce the child to new colors of paints and see if this works to create more cooperation with others during the painting activity. If this works, then the intervention has been successful (at least for the time being). Constant monitoring is required to ensure that the intervention strategy continues to be useful.
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Juvenile delinquents are most likely to exhibit which of the following characteristics?
a. They typically come from lower-SES families. b. They are envied by their classmates. c. They are often competent in basic skills but are not interested in demonstrating their academic skills. d. They care little about schoolwork and are easily distracted from it.
The concept of ______ refers to the ability to apply the results of study based upon a specific sample beyond the study to a larger population.
A. reliability B. validity C. generalizability D. hypothesizing
A teacher is giving the following advice to parents. Which statement is NOT appropriate:
A. Make sure you child is clean when she comes to school. B. In order to avoid colds being spread we are asking all parents not to bring their children to school if they have a cough or runny nose. C. You need to buy your child a new pair of shoes. D. Bring your child to church on Sunday. It is good for every child to have religion.
The Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS) writing team in collaboration with the Common Core State Standards for Mathematics (CCSSM) writing team sought to maintain coherence between science and mathematics learning as students advanced through grade
levels by ensuring that any mathematics skills or concepts would be taught in math: A. during the time students needed to apply them in science. B. after the time students needed to apply them in science. C. before the time students needed to apply them in science. D. on a “need-to-know” basis for students to apply them in science.