The nurse is caring for a patient with dementia due to Alzheimer disease. What is the nurse's best understanding of the etiology of this disease?
1. A presence of eosinophilic inclusion bodies in the cortex and brain stem results in impaired cognitive function.
2. An infectious form of a normally harmless type of protein, called a prion, interferes with neuronal health, leading to dementia.
3. Multiple vascular lesions occur in the cerebral cortex and subcortical structures, resulting from the decreased blood supply to the brain, lead to a decline in cognitive function.
4. A buildup of beta amyloid plaques and tangled strands of tau protein interferes with neuronal health, communication, and transport functions, leading to dementia.
Answer: 4
Explanation: Alzheimer disease occurs when a buildup of beta amyloid plaques and tangled strands of tau protein interferes with neuronal health, communication, and transport functions, leading to dementia. Eosinophilic inclusion bodies, also known as Lewy bodies, are seen in Lewy body dementia. Vascular dementia occurs when multiple vascular lesions are present in the cerebral cortex and subcortical structures, resulting from the decreased blood supply to the brain.
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