A teenage boy has received a concussion while playing hockey. A cardinal sign of a concussion is:
1. Confusion.
2. Altered level of consciousness.
3. Loss of consciousness.
4. Fainting.
3
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1. Confusion is not a cardinal sign, but may be present.
2. A change in the level of consciousness is not considered a cardinal sign.
3. A loss of consciousness is a cardinal sign for a concussion, and the child should be examined by a professional.
4. Fainting rarely occurs with a concussion.
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