A nurse observes a cardiologist multiplying the heart rate by stroke volume. What is the cardiolo-gist measuring?
a. Vascular resistance
b. Preload
c. Cardiac output
d. Ejection fraction
ANS: C
Cardiac output is found by the heart rate times stroke volume. Vascular resistance is not a factor in the calculation of cardiac output; it does play a role in blood pressure. Preload affects cardiac output but is not the result of heart rate times stroke volume. Ejection fraction is the amount ejected per beat.
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