Describe, in your own words, each of the conditions in Arrow’s Impossibility Theorem.
What will be an ideal response?
A strong answer will identify and describe the following:
• Universal admissibility: Individuals may have any preference ordering.
• Pareto optimality or unanimity: If one option is preferred by everyone in a group, that should be the choice.
• Independence from irrelevant alternatives: If every member’s assessment of j and k remains unchanged by a change in the attractiveness of some other alternative, then the group’s assessment of j and k should remain unchanged by the inclusion or a change in the attractiveness of some other alternative.
• Nondictatorship: No individual can impose his or her will on an outcome.
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How have different social movements exploited or used their ideas of political efficacy to effect social change? How have ideas about political efficacy in the United States changed from social movement to social movement? In your opinion, has
political efficacy increased or decreased over time? Is this due to a change in the factors that give rise to social movements? Include at least three social movements over time in your discussion. What will be an ideal response?
Referring to Figures 1.1 and 1.2, what is the definition of a correlation?
a. Two or more phenomena directly cause each other. b. Two or more phenomena indirectly cause each other. c. Two or more phenomena change at the same time, suggesting a potential causal relationship. d. Two or more phenomena happen to change at the same time. e. Two or more phenomena occur at the same time, suggesting that one definitely causes the other.
In _____, the Supreme Court declared the line-item veto law unconstitutional because the law permitted the president to amend duly enacted legislation
a. Clinton v. City of New York (1998) b. Clinton v. Jones (1997) c. United States v. Nixon (1974) d. None of the above is true.
The astute nineteenth-century observer who wrote Democracy in America was ________.
a. Crane Brinton b. James Madison c. James Harrington d. Alexis de Tocqueville