Of the following aging theory examples, which one supports the nonstochastic beliefs about aging?
A)
Mitochondrial DNA damage has accumulated to such a level that the person has physiological symptoms of declining health.
B)
Oxidative free radicals result in by-products that react with DNA to lead to cellular damage.
C)
The wear-and-tear theory of aging states that accumulated damage to vital parts of cells leads to cellular aging and death.
D)
Mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 have been associated with increased risk for developing breast and ovarian cancer.
Ans:
D
Feedback:
Nonstochastic theories focus on genetic influences that determine physical condition, occurrence of disease, age of death, cause of death, and other factors contributing to longevity. Many genes that are associated with the human life span are not "longevity genes," per se. For example, because mutations in the tumor suppressor genes BRCA1 and BRCA2 increase mortality rates associated with breast and ovarian cancer, they are rare among long-lived women. The mitochondrial DNA damage theory, oxidative free radical theory, and wear-and-tear theory are all stochastic theories of aging.
You might also like to view...
While turning a patient who had a bowel resection yesterday, the wound eviscerated. What is the initial nursing intervention?
a. Place the patient in the high Fowler's position. b. Give the patient fluids to prevent shock. c. Replace the dressing with sterile fluffy pads. d. Apply a warm, moist normal saline sterile dressing.
The home care nurse assisting the patient in establishing a schedule for irrigation of his colostomy informs the patient that the irrigation should occur:
A) At the same time each day B) Immediately prior to the largest meal of the day C) Prior to any physical activity D) 2 to 3 times a week
The nurse is caring for a 78-year-old woman who is brought to the emergency department from home. The client has a diagnosis of dementia and is being treated for abdominal pain
During the assessment, the nurse identifies multiple bruises on the extremities that appear to be 1 to 2 weeks old. The nurse also has resistance from the client during the insertion of a urinary catheter. The client's son is the caregiver and tells you the bruises are from the patient falling. The assessment of the physical injuries and the client's behavior indicate what intervention by the nurse? A) obtain an order for disturbance in blood clotting B) investigate for potential elder abuse C) provide physical restraint to prevent the client from pulling out the catheter D) sedate the patient to increase cooperation
What is a minimally invasive surgical approach that is diagnostic for cancer and has, in some instances, replaced lymph node dissections?
A) Lymphadenectomy B) Needle biopsy C) Open biopsy D) Sentinel lymph node biopsy