Which fish is proving to be a useful model organism for the study of vertebrate development?
a. Salmon
b. Goldfish
c. Zebrafish
d. Guppy
Ans: c. Zebrafish
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At the level of the organism, how is osmoregulation achieved?
A. by the movement of solutes across membranes B. by balancing the input and output of water and electrolytes C. by changing the overall permeability of membranes D. by bringing water in through the skin E. None of these choices accurately describe how osmoregulation is achieved at the level of the organism.
Identify the signals necessary for maturation and activation of a B cell by a T-dependent antigen.
A. Antigen is internalized and presented by a dendritic cell. B. B-cell growth factors secreted by TH2 cells mature and activate the antigen-stimulated B cell. C. Antigen binds to a B-cell receptor. D. B cell secretes cytokines to activate a T helper cell.
The enormous genetic diversity of HIV has made it especially difficult to create a vaccine against the virus. We can attribute this genetic diversity to
A. mutation hotspots in the hemagglutinin (H) molecule. B. the high error rate of reverse transcriptase. C. the high sensitivity of the virus to UV radiation. D. mutation hotspots in the CD4+ molecule.
A student is studying and someone turns on a stereo in the background; this breaks the student's concentration. However, as the stereo continues to play, the student begins to study successfully without broken concentration. The student is demonstrating
A) habituation. B) imprinting. C) associative learning. D) conditioning.