Analyzing heterogeneity in meta-analysis can be visually attained with which of the following?
A) Cohen's d
B) A forest plot
C) Inclusion criteria
D) Moderator analyses
B
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Visual inspection of heterogeneity usually relies on the construction of forest plots, which are often included in meta-analytic reports. A forest plot graphs the effect size for each study, together with the 95% CI around each estimate. Cohen's d, the effect size index most often used, transforms all effects into standard deviation units (Chapter 12). If d were computed to be .50, it means that the group mean for one group was one-half a standard deviation higher than the mean for the other group—regardless of the original measurement scale. Inclusion criteria are the characteristics that a primary study must possess to be included in the meta-analysis. One strategy for exploring moderating effects on effect size is to do subgroup analyses (moderator analyses), which involve splitting effect size information into distinct categorical groups—for example, men and women.
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