An older adult is having difficulty sleeping and asks a nurse, "My neighbor told me that I should take melatonin to help me sleep. What do you think about this?" The nurse responds to the indi-vidual's question using the knowledge that:
(Select all that apply.)
a. in the natural state melatonin is produced by the pineal gland and regulates the sleep-wake cycle.
b. melatonin is available in both immediate and extended release forms; however, on-ly the immediate form is effective.
c. there are no significant adverse effects to melatonin.
d. it must be used with caution in a patient that is taking other medications that have central nervous system depressant effects.
e. evidence shows that it is effective at de-creasing sleep onset latency, improving quality of sleep, and improving morning wakefulness.
ANS: A, D, E
In the natural state, melatonin is endogenously produced by the pineal gland and is an important signal in regulating the sleep-wake cycle. Melatonin must be used with caution in patients who are taking other medications that cause drowsiness or have central nervous system depressant ef-fects. Studies have demonstrated that melatonin is effective at decreasing sleep onset latency, improving quality of sleep, and improving morning wakefulness. Melatonin is available in both an immediate and extended release form, and both forms are effective. There are adverse effects to melatonin, which include dizziness, nausea, and drowsiness.
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