Following routine newborn testing, an infant has been diagnosed with an elevated phenylalanine level. The nurse teaches the parents to follow a strict low-protein diet to prevent which of the following major complications for the infant?
A) Kidney failure
B) Impaired brain development
C) Thyroid metabolism errors
D) Cardiac valvular disorders
Ans: B
Feedback:
Infants and children with classic and mild PKU require dietary protein restrictions to prevent mental retardation, microcephaly, and other signs of impaired neurologic development. Affected infants are normal at birth but within a few weeks begin to develop a rising phenylalanine level and signs of impaired brain development. Seizures, other neurologic abnormalities, decreased pigmentation of the hair and skin, and eczema often accompany the mental retardation in untreated infants.
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