What are the five basic sources of internal invalidity?
What will be an ideal response?
There are five basic sources of internal invalidity:
1. Selection bias—when characteristics of the experimental and comparison group subjects differ
2. Endogenous change—when the subjects develop or change during the experiment as part of an ongoing process independent of the experimental treatment
3. External events/history effects—when something occurs during the experiment, other than the treatment, that influences outcome scores
4. Contamination—when either the experimental group or the comparison group is aware of the other group and is influenced in the posttest as a result (Mohr, 1992)
5. Treatment misidentification—when variation in the independent variable (the treatment) is associated with variation in the observed outcome, but the change occurs through a process that the researcher has not identified
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The examination of garments and other objects in order to detect firearm discharge residues would be performed in the biology unit
Indicate whether the statement is true or false.
President Nixon's "law and order" polices are an example of _________ ideology becoming crime policy
a. Liberal b. Conservative c. Socialist d. Libertarian e. Communist
Matching incest
What will be an ideal response?
The failure of the _____ in Northern Ireland can be directly linked to modern Irish terrorism and the rebirth of the IRA
a. Civil rights movement b. Women's movement c. Protestant Reformation d. British rule