Which of the following was the most common argument the city-states of northern Italy used to justify their de facto independence from the Holy Roman Empire?
a. As Italians, they should not be ruled by Germans.
b. Customary feudal subjection should be adjusted to fit a changing reality.
c. They were still loyal to the descendent of Charlemagne and believed that the Emperors of the fourteenth century were usurpers.
d. Their preference was to be dominated by the pope.
e. none of the above
b
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Discuss the foreign policy goals and objectives of William H. Seward as a member of the Senate (1849?1861) and as secretary of state (1861?1869), and explain the extent to which his goals were realized by the late 1880s.
What will be an ideal response?
In the realm of religion, in the late nineteenth century, which of the following is not true?
A) Greater tolerance, or perhaps indifference to religion, led to more acceptance of religious diversity. B) Reconciliation between the Catholic Church and most Protestant denominations C) Persistent anti-Semitism continued in Eastern Europe. D) Germany and Austria-Hungary granted citizenship to Jews. E) Most European society refused to accept Jews as social equals.
During the Great Depression, how did conservatives' laissez-faire views influence their policy?
What will be an ideal response?
What impact did the Huns have upon Europe?
A) The invasion and encroachment of the Huns into eastern territories forced the migration of many barbarian tribes (Visigoths) into the western Europe, and others to stay and fight. This changed the population of Europe forever, establishing new kingdoms of divergent backgrounds. B) The Huns left Europe ravaged and forced the fall of the Western Empire. C) The invasion of the Huns forced greater vigilance on the eastern borders of Empire. D) The invasion of the Huns' forced new trade negotiations between east and west to accommodate the disruption. E) There was one significant impact the Huns left upon Europe and that was the introduction of eastern culture and customs.