During development, the embryo is injected with anti-VEGF (which negates VEGF functions). Which of the following effects will occur?
A. VEGF won't stimulate growth of the proximal convoluted tubule.
B. Mesangial cells will be hyper-stimulated to specialize because VEGF is inhibited, so glomerular filtration rate will be highly decreased.
C. Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) will be mass-produced and cause unchecked growth and development of mesangial cells.
D. The parietal layer of the glomerular capsule will not be formed, as the squamous epithelium won't be attracted to VEGF.
Answer: D
You might also like to view...
MALT is found in which layer of the wall of a hollow organ?
A. Epithelial B. Lamina propria C. Muscularis externa D. Submucosa
Answer the following statements true (T) or false (F)
1. Whole blood without the clotting factors is called serum. 2. In whole blood, the volume of plasma is larger than the volume of the formed elements. 3. Although there are several types of white blood cells, there is only one type of red blood cell. 4. Hematocrit values tend to be higher in men than women and higher in older people than in younger people. 5. Dehydration would cause a temporary drop in hematocrit values.
Identical twins involve ________ egg(s) and ________ sperm.
A. one; one B. two; one C. one; two D. two; two
Except for potassium ions, tubular secretion of most unwanted substances occurs in the ________.
A. collecting duct B. proximal convoluted tubule C. distal convoluted tubule D. nephron loop