During development, the embryo is injected with anti-VEGF (which negates VEGF functions). Which of the following effects will occur?
A. VEGF won't stimulate growth of the proximal convoluted tubule.
B. Mesangial cells will be hyper-stimulated to specialize because VEGF is inhibited, so glomerular filtration rate will be highly decreased.
C. Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) will be mass-produced and cause unchecked growth and development of mesangial cells.
D. The parietal layer of the glomerular capsule will not be formed, as the squamous epithelium won't be attracted to VEGF.
Answer: D
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