Compare and contrast the cellular locations, templates, and products of transcription and translation in prokaryotes and
eukaryotes.
What will be an ideal response?
ANSWER: In prokaryotes, both transcription and translation occur in the cytoplasm. In eukaryotes, transcription occurs in the nucleus and translation occurs in the cytoplasm. In both
prokaryotes and eukaryotes, DNA is used as a template for transcription to produce an
mRNA product, and the mRNA product is used as a template for translation to produce a
protein product. In eukaryotes, the direct product of transcription is pre-mRNA which must
be processed in the nucleus before it is released into the cytoplasm for translation. Processing
events include the additions of a 5¢ guanine-containing cap and a 3¢ poly(A) tail as well as
the removal of introns from pre-mRNA. In prokaryotes, a mature mRNA is directly produced
by transcription and is immediately available for translation.
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What will be an ideal response?